Negative Effects of Technology Essay - 2094 Words

Technology is one of life’s most impressive and incredible phenomena’s. The main reason being the shockingly high degree to which our society uses technology in our everyday lives. It occupies every single realm, affecting people both positively and negatively. There are so many different forms of technology but the two most often used are cell phones, and the internet/computers in general. Today’s younger generation was raised alongside technological development. Kids now a days learn how to operate computers and cell phones at a very early age, whether it be through their own technological possessions, a friend’s, or their parents. They grow up knowing how easily accessible technology is, and the endless amount of ways in which it can be†¦show more content†¦These skills have many applications including time management, one of the most important needed in daily life. The difficulty with this problem is, society has completely accepted this relia nce and not only supports it, but continues to aim for being the most technologically advanced possible in hopes for having the highest profit. Children today are unaware that not everyone can afford the same cell phones, which puts parents in a very tough position. Early child-hood is a time to explore, be outdoors, and play physically interactive games. Instead, children as young as ten spend their time hanging out on social networks, watching TV, or playing animated games. Outside of kid’s social lives, technology has had a huge impact on their studying habits, making them lazier and less motivated to think about things critically. Although there are all these ways that technology affects us negatively, it is still clearly very popular and used because there are benefits as well. It is important to be aware that the media, schools, workplaces, all require the strong use of technology in some areas so, where can we draw the line? This paper will examine the negative effects from the immense use of technology that is isolating individuals from reality, hindering their communication skills, and perpetuating the â€Å"fake† concept of immediate satisfaction. Is there solution for change or, will technologyShow MoreRelatedThe Negative Effects Of Technology1541 Words   |  7 PagesJust a few decades ago, the technology we have today were merely ideas in science fiction novels or gadgets seen in a futuristic movie. There is no doubt that technology use has increased dramatically within this decade and these numbers may continue to rise as technology becomes more available to the public. Technology is slowly taking over our life and so many people have grown up surrounded by technology that a life without it is pretty much unimaginable. As technology becomes a bigger part of ourRead MoreNegative Effects Of Technology841 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology is everywhere. Technology makes learning in classrooms easier and more interactive, it also helps kids find creativity in making and designing things online. It helps enhance a students thinking too. Yet, several scientist have shown that technology is just as addictive as drugs and harming to your health, and not just your health, it breaks away relationships you have made with others. Technology tears apart peoples relationships leaving them addicted and alone. If someone whoRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Technology1296 Words   |  6 Pages Technology is a key factor in how the economy flows, and is a very important part of a typical person’s daily life. The use of technology over the years has increased by a very large amount. Technology is a part of everyone’s daily life. It is used in the classrooms, offices, automobiles, and just about anywhere that comes to mind. There are many positive effects of technology, but there are also many negative effects. The use of such technology makes everything more simple. Factories, for exampleRead MoreNegative Effects Of Technology1022 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology affects every aspect of our lives. We as humans use it every day with little to no thought. Humans are becoming more reliant on the internet and other forms of technology to receive their information and communicate. However, the increase in the use of technology has had a negative effect on humans’ health and development and communication. Technology changes the way we live our daily lives, the way we develop, and the way we communicate. Technology is a double edged sword. The internetRead MoreNegative Effects Of Technology1127 Words   |  5 Pagesform of technology. Only â€Å" 13% of U.S. adults do not use the internet,† according to a new Pew Research Center analysis of survey data (Anderson Perrin, 2016). With so many people using this is not surprising that technology is beginning to affect different age groups. Technology overuse causes developmental setbacks in children, self image issues in teens, and health concerns within adults. Things now days are a lot different then they were a number of years ago. Without having technology to fallRead MoreNegative Effects Of Technology1503 Words   |  7 PagesUsage of technology varies amongst different age groups, often used for productive means, but there is also a negative side of technology usage. With the advancement of technology, technology is considered to be survival tools for humans, such as to make life easier and to be extra productive. Moreover, Adults harness the power of technology to solve complex problems, usually this can only be done with the aid of a computer. Another arena of technology use is for school, both, parents and teachersRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Technology854 Words   |  4 Pagesand access to Google. We, as a modern tech savvy society, must be aware and wise when using technology and the internet since nowadays dangers are everywhere. As a result, society has become overly dependent with using technology within their daily live s, so much that it affects children, can lead to online dangers, and creates unnecessary obsession among users. First of all, excessive exposure to technology can be detrimental to children. Some people may say that children play and watch educationalRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Technology1465 Words   |  6 Pagesrarity to own a smartphone. Technology has advanced immensely over the years and completely changed the way we live today. Most people would argue that technology is beneficial and it helps make their lives much easier. Although these statements may be true, I could easily argue the contrary. Sometimes I think life would be simpler without it. Almost everything comes with its pros and cons, but this paper will soon persuade you that one outweighs the other. Technologies of all sorts have started toRead MoreNegative Effects Of Technology846 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology is something that has been evolving for thousands of years, and even more years to follow. In 1441, a German inventor named Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press, making printing 500 times faster and new ideas to be passed around. In 1608, Galileo Galilei, an Italian Astronomer, built the first telescope, enabling new scientific discoveries to be found. These technologies allowed advancements to the human society, but not all new technologies are used for the better good. TechnologyRead MoreNegative Effects Of Technology1001 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology has greatly impacted today’s society. Through technology, we can have the entire world at our finger tips; but is this new and evolving way of life negatively impacting society? Traditional family foundations are rotting away due to modern use of technology. Children, instead of playing outside, riding bikes, or using their imagination, are increasingly depending on technology; and in the future, technology will have damaging effects. In an interview with Steve Jobs, Nick Bilton, a

Design Explication Of Robert Frost - 1020 Words

De’Anna Harris Professor Underwood English 1102 4 December 2015 Design Explication Robert Frost takes an interesting approach in his short poem entitled, Design. In the poem, Frost questions if there is a designer of life or if things just occur randomly. Frost believes that if there is indeed a designer of life, the designer produces both evil and good. Moreover, Frost considers that perhaps good could actually be evil if one is looking close enough, if so, the nature of the designer in the poem is contradictory. Frost s Design mastery in the poem is that its meaning is enhanced by its form, rhyme, and its imagery and connotations. Despite being considered a sonnet, â€Å"Design† does not express the true nature of a sonnet’s meaning. In contrast of pleasing or inspiring, it is unexpectedly doubtful. Frost made changes to the typical sonnet form. He made his own design. Primarily, the usual pattern of a question in the octave followed by an answer in the sestet, is reversed in this situation. The octave in the poem is an observation, and the successive sestet is a question. Additionally, Frost made changes to the usual rhyme scheme of a sonnet; the cdecde pattern in the sestet has been changed to acaacc.† The reader could possibly be caught off guard by the unexpected differences. Frost engages poetic structure to increase the irony of his poem, and interchanges between two different tones. Shock and appreciative are mixed together with lyrical lines. The tone shiftsShow MoreRelatedDesign Explication Of Robert Frost1040 Words   |  5 PagesDecember 2015 Design Explication Robert Frost takes an interesting approach in his short poem entitled, Design. In the poem, Frost questions if there is a designer of life or if things just occur randomly. Frost believes that if there is indeed a designer of life, the designer produces both evil and good. Moreover, Frost considers that perhaps good could actually be evil if one is looking close enough, if so, the nature of the designer in the poem is contradictory. Frost s Design mastery in the

Cognitive and psychodynamic approach to psychology Free Essays

The Difference Between The Cognitive Approach And The Psychodynamic Approach To Psychology Psychologists introduced a figure of diverse attacks in order to understand human nature and behavior. There are different ways of explicating phenomena, which is why there are different attacks. These different attacks include Cognitive and Psychodynamic. We will write a custom essay sample on Cognitive and psychodynamic approach to psychology or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Cognitive attack began to revolutionize psychological science in the late fiftiess and early 1960s.Piaget is the best known cognitive development research worker who suggested that, believing progressed through qualitative alterations due to the increasing adulthood of encephalon. He is remembered for his surveies of cognitive development in kids ( 1896-1980 ) . The cyberspace site, quotes.net quotation marks Jean Piaget as stating â€Å"The chief end of instruction is to make work forces who are capable of making new things, non merely of reiterating what other coevalss have done† Cognitive psychologists are interested in how people understand, diagnose and work out jobs. Cognitive research chiefly focuses on how our encephalons procedure information and the research tends to take topographic point in the research lab than in real-life scenes. The cognitive attack provinces that cognitive upsets have been learned, and so can be unlearned. Harmonizing to Albert Ellis, when we think positively and do determinations based on grounds, we behave rationally, and as a consequence we are happy, competent and effectual. On the other manus, prolonged irrational thought can take to psychological jobs and unnatural behavior. Attribution theory suggests that when we are disguised with person ‘s behavior, we try to work out in our heads why the individual is moving Wyrd. Harmonizing to Kelley ( 1967, 1973 ) , when we are doing these ascriptions, we work out in phases, First, we try to make up one’s mind whether the person is to be blamed for his actions, secondly, whether person else is responsible and thirdly, whether the state of affairs itself has influenced the individual to act in such a manner. Unlike cognitive attack, the psychodynamic attack focuses on the three parts of head which are witting, unconscious and preconscious and the three constituents of personality which are id, self-importance and superego. Conscious are ideas and perceptual experiences while unconscious are wants and desires formed in childhood. It was chiefly initiated by Sigmund Freud, a Viennese physician who specialised in neurology. All psychodynamic theories stem from depth psychology. Freud foremost developed the basic thought that understanding behavior requires insight into the ideas and feelings which influence our actions. Hill ( 2001 p.72 ) quotes Sigmund Freud as stating â€Å"I set myself the undertaking of conveying to illume what human existences maintain hidden within them† . Freud ‘s apprehension of the head was mostly based on interpretative methods. Freud argued that, childhood experiences play a important portion in grownup development including the development of grownup personality. Every kid must go through through the alleged psycho-sexual phases ; how a kid experiences these phases plays a important function in the development of his/her personality. Methods Of Probe Cognitive developmental psychologists have used methods such as observation eg Piaget day-to-day observation of kids playing and experimentation eg experiments comparing the ability of two different age groups to go through preservation trials. Piaget was looking at the sort of errors that kids of different age group make. Piaget ‘s theory provides elaborate description of development but does non truly explicate decently. By concentrating on the kid ‘s errors, he might hold overlooked more of import abilities that kids do possess. Psychodynamic psychologists nevertheless used clinical instance surveies, dream analysis and free association to research their theory. Freud used to look into his patients in item and deeply analyse and interpreted all they said and did. Carl Gustav Jung ( 1875-1961 ) was the first favorite adherent of Freud. Jung disagreed with Freud that dreams are ever disguised wish fulfillment ensuing from the past fortunes alternatively Jung suggested that dreams reflect current pre-occupations. Strengths And Failings Of Psychodynamic Approach Strengths: Psychodynamic attack reminds us that, early childhood experience can hold an impact on people throughout their live without them being cognizant that it is go oning. Therefore, the attack accepts that everyone can endure mental unwellness through no mistake of their ain. It besides offers a ‘cure ‘ for abnormalcy through depth psychology by explicating the implicit in causes in the unconscious, doing them witting, and let go ofing the patient from the emotional hurting caused by the childhood injury. Many people would hold that, unconscious procedures do hold an consequence on human behavior, and Freud ‘s work on how defense mechanism mechanisms protect the self-importance is particularly utile. Freud instance surveies like `Little Hans` and `Anna O` detailed aggregation of informations provided scientific support for his theory and depth psychology has tremendous explanatory power and has something to state on a immense assortment of of import subjects. The failings of psychodynamic attack are that, it can non be scientifically observed or tested. In fact, it has ne’er been disproved by any trial. There is no manner of showing if the unconscious really exists and verify if a pent-up memory is a existent or false memory unless independent grounds is available, in that context, most of psychodynamic theories are taken on religion. Freud over emphatic sexual causes and harmonizing to Breuer, Freud was prone to â€Å"excessive generalisation† . A healer must analyze and construe any grounds recovered by a psychoanalyst from a patient, this leaves open the possibility of serious misunderstanding or prejudice because two healers may construe the same grounds in wholly different ways. Finally, the psychodynamic attack ignores possible account of unnatural behavior by other psychological attacks. As for the cognitive attack, it concentrates on current information-processing by the encephalon, it does non depend on the past history of the client, and for illustration, retrieving pent-up memories from the unconscious. It besides had practical applications and deductions for the society. Cognitive research workers normally conduct scientific and nonsubjective research to back up their theories, nevertheless, it has been accused that the cognitive psychologists ignored the immense complexness of human operation by comparing to computing machine working. It besides ignores the emotional life of worlds. Comparison The psychodynamic attack provinces that, behaviour is non learned but caused by forces in the unconscious unlike the cognitive attack which states that behavior is learned as we process information and mental alterations in of import ways over clip. Psychodynamic attack considers behaviour as predetermined. They point out that different parts of the head are in changeless dynamic battle with each other, so persons have no control over their behaviors but the cognitive attack see behavior as non predetermined. It states that we ever have power to alter knowledge. Psychodynamic attack is regarded as unscientific because it can non be measured or manipulated, whereas cognitive attack is regarded as scientific since it considers the encephalon is similar to a computing machine where information can be manipulated. Unlike cognitive attack, psychodynamic attack chiefly focuses on early childhood behaviors. The chief differences are the attack in which each theory takes in finding the cause of mental unwellness or mal adjusted behaviour eg psychodynamic position focuses more so on unconscious procedure while cognitive position focuses more so on mental procedures. Similarities Each theory is used to specify the outlook of work forces, explain mental unwellness and find a manner to command if necessary. Each theory on its ain manner focuses on the human head and its reaction to its environment. They both have trouble in corroborating their research. Mentions  · Hill G. 2001 As Level Psychology through Diagrams Oxford University imperativeness. hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology hypertext transfer protocol: //www.associatedcontent.com/article/21688/psychodynamic_humanistic_and_cognitive.html? cat=58 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ngfl-cymru.org.uk/vtc/ngfl/psychology/psy_1.doc â€Å" Jean Piaget. † Quotes.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2009. 14 November. 2009. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.quotes.net/quote/16376 How to cite Cognitive and psychodynamic approach to psychology, Essay examples

Of mice and men 3 Essay Example For Students

Of mice and men 3 Essay Everyone has a dream, whether it be earning a degree at some prestigiousuniversity, or having a stable job in order to own a house and support a family. In John Steinbecks novel, Of Mice and Men, he exhibits the fact that no matter how extreme or reasonable ones dream is, every person has the right and ability to ponder how their life could be. However, many people fail to achieve their dreams. Some dreams are lost in the battle with society, but most of the time the persons internal limitations are the central cause of the dreams downfall. Steinbeck uses the major characters of his novel to express the idea behind dreams. Steinbeck uses the characters of George Milton and Lennie Small to thoroughly explore his idea about dreams. George an Lennie are ranchhands who believe that they dont belong no place. They are both considered to linger among the lowest rung of the social ladder. Society has driven these two men to believing in the idea that they aint got nothing to look ahead to. Even though George and Lennie have a dream about owning a little house and a couple of acres an a cow and some pigs and rabbitssomeday, their own individual faults hinder their dream from ever coming true. Georges fatal flaw is that he puts to much trust in Lennie. Lennie is mentally handicapped, andeveryone refers to him as a cuckoo. George becomes too reliant in Lennie, and Lennieends up breaking Curleys wifes neck, and killing her. With the death of Curleys wife, George and Lennies dream also die. George replies to Candy when he asks if they can still get that little place, I think I knowed from the very first. I think I knowed wed never do her. When Lennie commits his act of nonintentional murder, George realizes that he must kill Lennie. Lennies dream actually never dies in his mind because George kills him with his dream intact. All Lennie wants to do is live of the fatta the lan', and tend the rabbits. The man whom society sees as a looloo dies believing he will be able to accomplish his dream someday. Steinbeck uses Lennie and George to show that no matter how low society considers a person to be, they still have the inalienable right to pursue their individual dreams. Curleys wife is another example that helps bring out Steinbecks concept of dreams. She is referred to as being a lousy tart, jail bait, and a tramp. Even though her struggle with society is shown through the mens description of her, she still believes that she coulda made somethin of herself. She says that she coulda been in the movies, an had nice clothes, and had pitchers took of her. It was her dream to be a star because she was a natural. Her dream never comes true because, as a woman, during the depression, she has no choice but to marry someone who can support her. Her dream dies when she doesnt receive the letters from the man who was going to get her into show business and she replies, So I married Curley. Being so naive, Curleys wifereally believed that her mother was stealing the letters the man wrote to her. Because of her gullible nature, Curleys wife gives up her dream and marries a man she don like. Her marriage to Curley brings about her loneliness. She tells Lennie, I get so lonely. You can talk to people, but I cant talk to nobody but Curley. Else he gets mad. Howd you like to not talk to nobody? Curleys wife died because she wanted to be popular and her dream, ironically, caused her death.Crooks is another major character that contributes to John Steinbecks conception of dreams. The social power group oppresses Crooks because he is black. Anytime the boss gets upset he takes it out on Cro oks. Candy explains, The boss gives him hell when hes mad. Crooks knows that he is not important in society because he is black. This is just a nigger talking, an a busted-back nigger. So it dont mean nothing, see? Crooks joins in on George and Lennies dream of getting a place of their own, If you ..guyswould want a hand to work for nothingjust his keep, why Id come an lend a hand. Crooks only wants to belong somewhere and to not be treated so bad. He dreams of being wanted, but thinking that his dream could never really happen brings about his dreams destruction. Crooks comments, Well jus forget it, I didn mean it. Jus foolin. I wouldnt want to go to no place like that. He doesnt really believe he could ever really accomplish his dream. Crookss lack of confidence, which is inspired by societys viewof black people, eventually destroys his hope of ever accomplishing his dream. .uee1ab66fddfc9037223bc6a0f021d6fc , .uee1ab66fddfc9037223bc6a0f021d6fc .postImageUrl , .uee1ab66fddfc9037223bc6a0f021d6fc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uee1ab66fddfc9037223bc6a0f021d6fc , .uee1ab66fddfc9037223bc6a0f021d6fc:hover , .uee1ab66fddfc9037223bc6a0f021d6fc:visited , .uee1ab66fddfc9037223bc6a0f021d6fc:active { border:0!important; } .uee1ab66fddfc9037223bc6a0f021d6fc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uee1ab66fddfc9037223bc6a0f021d6fc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uee1ab66fddfc9037223bc6a0f021d6fc:active , .uee1ab66fddfc9037223bc6a0f021d6fc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uee1ab66fddfc9037223bc6a0f021d6fc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uee1ab66fddfc9037223bc6a0f021d6fc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uee1ab66fddfc9037223bc6a0f021d6fc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uee1ab66fddfc9037223bc6a0f021d6fc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uee1ab66fddfc9037223bc6a0f021d6fc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uee1ab66fddfc9037223bc6a0f021d6fc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uee1ab66fddfc9037223bc6a0f021d6fc .uee1ab66fddfc9037223bc6a0f021d6fc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uee1ab66fddfc9037223bc6a0f021d6fc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Breast Cancer EssayIn his novel, Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck illustrates that all humans havethe potential to do well and dream. However, peoples dreams are not always fulfilled because they allow personal restrictions and faults to take domination. As Cliff Clavin from Cheers said, Having a dream isnt stupid, Norm. Its not having a dream thats stupid. Its funny how right he is. Anyone and everyone should have some kind of dream to hold, even if it may not come true.

Modern Greece 5 Themes of Geography Essay Essay Example

Modern Greece 5 Themes of Geography Essay Paper Absolute Location of Greece:The absolute location of Greece is located at 39oN. 22oE because that’s where its capital. Athens. is located. Relative Location of Greece:South of Macedonia. West of TurkeyThis is a image of Modern Greece that shows the co-ordinates of Greece. This image relates to the subject location because it shows the absolute location of Greece which is the co-ordinates of Athens which is the capital of Greece and absolute location ever shows the co-ordinates of the capital of a state. This is of import because it shows where the capital of Greece. Topographic point Physical Features:Greece is 80 % made of mountains. This is a image of Greece with a mountain in the background. This relates to the subject because mountains are a physical feature because an illustration of a physical feature is a landform and mountains are a type of landform. This is of import because mountains provide us with tonss of resources. Human Features: We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Greece 5 Themes of Geography Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Greece 5 Themes of Geography Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Greece 5 Themes of Geography Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Greeks built the Parthenon in award of the goddess Athena. This is a image of the Parthenon. the memorial to Athena. This relates to the subject of topographic point because the Parthenon is a edifice which is a human feature because a human feature is something that was manufactured or created by a human. This is of import because a batch of things worlds build are edifices. Human/Environment Interaction How Humans in Greece Adapt: Peoples adapt in Greece by have oning different apparels for different seasons. For illustration. in the summer people wear short arms to maintain themselves cooled off in the hot portion of the twelvemonth and in the winter wear long arms to maintain themselves warm in the cold portion of the twelvemonth. How Humans in Greece Modify: Peoples in Greece modify by utilizing stuffs for edifices because they’re modifying the environment by destructing the environment in order to do edifices like houses and mills. How the Environment Influences Life/How Humans depend on the environment in Greece: Peoples in Greece depend on the environment for nutrient like fish and farm animal. This is a image of farm animal in Greece. This relates to the subject because people in Greece depend on these animate beings for nutrient. This is of import because without nutrient people would hunger. Motion How Goods Move in Greece: Goods move in and out of Greece by aeroplanes. trains. boats. and choppers. This is a image of an aeroplane transporting goods out of Greece. This relates to the subject because the plane is transporting goods. This is of import because without this there wouldn’t be any manner to acquire goods out of other states to the U. S. or other states. How People Move in Greece: Peoples in Greece move utilizing autos. planes. trains. and boats. How Ideas Move in Greece: Ideas in Greece move utilizing the cyberspace. and by speaking on telephones. Region What Characteristics Unite Greece?Some features that unite Greece are their faith ( Hellenism ) . linguistic communication ( Grecian ) . its mountains. and its attractive forces ( e. g. The Parthenon ) This is a map demoing the mountains of Modern Greece because a feature of Greece are its mountains. This relates to theme because a mountain is a characteristic that is portion of part. This is of import because unifying features bring states together. Other names for Greece:Even though most states call it the state Greece the existent Greeks name their state Hellas and Greek’s functionary name is Hellenic Republic. Bibliography * World Wide Web. nut. wikipedia. org* World Wide Web. greeceathensaegian. com* World Wide Web. enchantedlearning. com* World Wide Web. ericsonlivestock. com* World Wide Web. copterplane. cyberspace* hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Central Intelligence Agency. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/

The History of Dr Pepper and inventor Charles Alderton

The History of Dr Pepper and inventor Charles Alderton In 1885, in Waco, Texas, a young Brooklyn-born pharmacist named Charles Alderton invented a new soft drink that would soon become known as Dr Pepper. The carbonated beverage was marketed as having a unique flavor all its own. More than 130 years later, the brand can still be found on shelves and in refrigerated store coolers worldwide. Alderton worked at Morrisons Old Corner Drug Store in Waco, Texas, where carbonated drinks were served at the soda fountain. While there, he began experimenting with his own soft drink recipes. One, in particular, was fast becoming a big hit with customers, who originally ordered the concoction by asking Alderton to shoot them a Waco. As the soft drinks popularity grew, Alderton and Morrison had trouble manufacturing enough Dr Pepper to keep up with the demand for the product. Robert S. Lazenby, owner of the Circle A Ginger Ale Company in Waco, had been impressed with Dr Pepper and was interested in manufacturing, bottling, and distributing the soft drink. Alderton, who had no desire to pursue the business and manufacturing end, he agreed to let Morrison and Lazenby take over. Fast Facts: Dr Pepper The U.S. Patent Office recognizes December 1, 1885, as the first time Dr Pepper was served.In 1891, Morrison and Lazenby formed the Artesian Mfg. Bottling Company, which later became the Dr Pepper Company.In 1904, the company introduced Dr Pepper to 20 million people attending the 1904 Worlds Fair Exposition in St. Louis- the same Worlds Fair that introduced hamburger and hot dog buns and ice cream cones to the public.The Dr Pepper Company is the oldest major manufacturer of soft drink concentrates and syrups in the United States.Dr Pepper is now also sold in the United States, Europe, Asia, Canada, Mexico, and South America, as well as New Zealand and South Africa as an imported good.Varieties of Dr Pepper include a version without high-fructose corn syrup, Diet Dr Pepper, as well as a line of additional flavors first introduced in the 2000s. The Dr Pepper Name There are several theories regarding the origin of the Dr Pepper name. In some versions of the tale, drugstore owner Morrison is credited with naming the drink Dr. Pepper in honor of his friend, Dr. Charles Pepper, while in others, Alderton is said to have gotten one of his first jobs working for Dr. Pepper, and named the soft drink as a nod to his early employer. Another theory is that the pep refers to pepsin, an enzyme that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides. Pepsin is produced in the stomach and is one of the main digestive enzymes in the digestive systems of humans and many other animals, where it helps digest the proteins in food. Or it might have been something more simple. As with many early sodas of the era, Dr Pepper was marketed as a brain tonic and energizing pick-me-up. The pep in Pepper might literally have been named for the lift it supposedly imparted to those who drank it. In the 1950s, the Dr Pepper logo was redesigned. In the new version, the text was slanted and the font was changed. Designers felt that the period made Dr. look like Di: so for reasons of style and legibility, the period was dropped- but to paraphrase Shakespeare, no matter what you call it, a Dr Pepper by any other name would taste as sweet.

The absolute Separation of Powers is not practical neither achievable Essay

The absolute Separation of Powers is not practical neither achievable. There is always going to be some degree of overlap. Evaluate the above in connection with the UK constitution - Essay Example In essence, the government is unified by many branches and the absolute division of powers is not achievable. If the various branches of the government were to be completely separated from other branches in terms of their functions, it would result in backlog and inefficiencies in all the branches. Additionally, it has been argued that the complete demarcation of powers will yield total confusion resulting from the general inefficiencies created by such a system (Haljan 2013). With regards to the UK constitution, a complete separation of powers, where there is no overlap is non-existent. A closer examination of the three arms of government and their functions, reveals that they are exercised by bodies and or persons who use more than one function of their individual branch. According to the UK constitution, there is a big overlap between the Executive, Judiciary and Legislative arms of government (Leeuwen 2010). The UK Constitution requires that the Prime Minister and his cabinet ministers be members of both the Legislature and Executive arms of government. Indeed, there is a close bond between the Judiciary and Executive arms. The cabinet ministers and the PM are members of Parliament and are also counted as constituting the members in the House of Commons. However, the House of Commons Disqualification Act of 1975, limits the number of cabinet ministers who can sit and vote in the House of Commons to 95. Government ministers also determine appeals in disputes resulting from town planning legislation. This means that their functions encompasses not only the executive arm of government, but also the judiciary. There are very many examples of the overlap between the functions of the three arms of government. One of those positions that gives credence to the notion of overlap, is that of the Lord Chancellor. Law Lords sit on the judicial committee relating to the Privy Council, plus

Corporate Structures and Governance Arrangements Vary Widely From Essay

Corporate Structures and Governance Arrangements Vary Widely From Country to Country - Essay Example In normal parlance, the corporate governance (CG) has given more emphasis on disclosure, internal mechanisms and transparency with much focus to the financiers of the business. As per OECD (2004), this does not connote that the significance of stakeholders in general is deprived off1. Initially, Jensen and Meckling (1976) advocated stakeholder theory and then followed by Freeman (1984) who advocated an agency concept of accountability. Enron scandal resulted in the introduction Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 which is a chief chapter in the vibrant annals of Anglo-American corporate governance renaissance2. As per OECD, managerial accountability elucidates governance responsibilities and roles and to make sure that shareholder’s interest and managerial interest are lined up and supervised by the board of directors3. The term â€Å" managerial accountability â€Å" can be defined as an understanding of a cluster of desired and predetermined yardsticks by which employees and manage ment alike, which can be gauged to be held responsible for specific actions or decision vis-a-vis some clearly explained role or responsibilities in a company4. As per Fisher(2004), the managerial accountability is nothing but the delegation of power which means of integrating relationships between institutions , demarcating responsibilities , improving legitimacy , controlling authority , and finally promoting democracy within a company and thus , the main goal of developing accountability is establishing trust in governance institutions in companies. In UK, the Cadbury Committee was asked to review those features of corporate governance especially pertaining to financial reporting and accountability as early in May 1991. This research essay will analyse in detail how the managerial accountability remain the same under corporate governance across various jurisdictions with particular emphasis to the USA , UK and Germany. Analysis What is Managerial Accountability? Stanton (1997) re fers Rosenfield finding on accountability as â€Å"the reasonable holding of one to be liable for personal decisions or to make a rejoinder to a charge where justiability is being ushered by an authority affiliation between the individuals concerned. From two perspectives, the authority relations can be assessed by two angles namely the stakeholder’s theory and the shareholder-value maximisation theory. As per Spira (2001), business organisations and individuals are discharged of their responsible obligations by disseminating the required information on a periodical basis to interested parties5. Business accountability connotes making the management of a company accountable for its performance and it includes making of business decisions on the proper usage of executive authority. Such business judgment can be employed only when the specific information is available. Further, accountability makes certain that the demeanour is compatible with the objects of the business, that it is consistent with the conditions that steer the company’s policy. In a way balancing the impact of the open market, which sets out prices and evaluates the real margin, a system of accountability offers objective yardsticks for administers and consulting performance. To evaluate the managerial accountability, it is necessary to assess the individual performance periodically whether it is the individual director, CEO, the outside auditor, the entire board or its officers and

Engneering mechanics Lab reports Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Engneering mechanics reports - Lab Report Example tting acquainted with a wide range of structural testing components (HEILES & SCHÄFER, 2013).   To this extent a number of tools and equipment that were used in the entire experiment have been duly described to a greater extent based on their usage and the conditions that should be kept constant while performing the experiment using those kinds of pivotal tools and equipment. The beam of length 1.3 meters was initially placed firmly on the cast iron bed with the assistance of simple supports A and B placed 1 meter apart. The load was then applied by use of the mass hangers at a gradual incremental rate, while the measurements were recorded at each and every stage. The next step that ensued was the aspect of bringing in some sort of variations with regards to the length while the initial procedure was repeatedly done. The material under test was then altered such that, in each and every instance it was only the cross sectional breath that changed. This was repeatedly done at various levels as the mid span deflection at each stage was measured (in mm) with regards to the subjected conditions. The next step that followed suit was the aspect of altering the tested material such that in each and every instance the cross-sectional depth was the only variable that changed. Under this stage, the rate of deflections were also measured and recorded accordingly. Al l the obtained values were then clearly recorded and compiled so as to assist later during analysis whereby, the values that were arrived at were subjected to massive scrutiny and comparisons with the existing facts and figures under each and every experimented condition. Using 0N as the minimum and 150N as the maximum, the mass of the load was adjusted by increasing each trial consequentially by 25N. All this was done keeping these values constant: L=1m, b=20mm and d=14mm. Values obtained were recorded as below Using a minimum length of 0.6m and a maximum of 1.2m, length of the load was varied in split

Research Outline: Effects of DV on Children

Research Outline: Effects of DV on Children This dissertation will examine the evidence for the claim that witnessing domestic violence causes serious and lasting harm to children. As it would not be feasible to conduct primary research on this topic at the researchers current level of training, given the significant ethical issues involved in working with children and families in this context, it will consist of an extensive critical review of the literature on this topic. This body of evidence will be systematically reviewed to establish the current state of knowledge regarding: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The strength of the link between exposure to domestic violence and childrens à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Trauma symptoms à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Development à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Social functioning à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Internalising (eg. depression) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Externalising (eg. aggression, disruptive behaviour) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Academic performance à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The existence of mediating or moderating factors determining the level of damage caused by witnessing domestic violence, including à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Temperament à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Social support à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Genetic factors à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The prevalence of exposure to domestic violence in childhood. Preliminary review of the literature The prevalence of childhood exposure to domestic violence Intimate partner violence is disturbingly common in the UK: an analysis of recent data gathered by the NHS for various purposes found a lifetime prevalence rate of some experience of domestic violence of 13-31% among the general population of British women (Feder et al, 2009). In the US, Dong et al found (2004) that 24% of respondents (n = 2,081) indicated that they had been exposed to domestic violence while under the age of 18. These figures indicate that a high proportion of children will, at at least some point, witness acts of violence between (most commonly) their parents or caregivers in the home or another family setting. However, the usefulness of lifetime prevalence figures like this in assessing the real impact of domestic violence on children is rather questionable: these results do not distinguish adequately between individuals who witnessed a single incident, or very infrequent mild violence, and those who were repeatedly exposed to serious violence. More detailed data is required to address the question of how common prolonged exposure really is. A further problem with the analysis of data for the prevalence of childrens exposure to domestic violence is the high level of co-occurrence with other forms of maltreatment. A large US study (3,777 males and 4,411 females) found that 12.3% of men (n = 482) and 15.9% of women (n = 703; chi square of difference 15.9, p Witnessing parental aggression: its effects on child development There is strong evidence that aggression and violence between the childs parents or caregivers can have serious negative consequences even if the child is too young to understand: in particular, it has been suggested, very reasonably, that domestic violence negatively impacts the quality of maternal care as poor management of emotions and conflicts may transfer from the couple relationship to the mother-infant one (eg. Krisknakumar Buehler, 2000). Indeed, women who are in violently abusive relationships may even express more negative attributions about their unborn child while pregnant (Theran, Levendosky, Bogat, and Huth-Bocks, 2005), creating the conditions for an emotionally distant parenting style which can lead to a poor attachment between mother and infant. Of four studies of children aged 3-6 reviewed by Wolfe et al (2003), all but one found moderate to strong effects on internalizing and externalizing symptoms as a consequence of witnessing domestic violence; Levendosky et a l. (2002) also found a significant level of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in a similar population, and Bogat and her colleagues described clinically significant trauma symptoms in one-year-old infants exposed to family violence (2006). Interestingly, however, in a sample of 7865 British children aged 5-16, Meltzer and his colleagues found that Witnessing severe domestic violence almost tripled the likelihood of children having conduct disorder but was not independently associated with emotional disorders (2009:491). The picture is yet further complicated by the finding that at least some mothers who suffer domestic violence in fact appear to compensate for this in ways which increase their availability to their children, showing heightened sensitivity and responsiveness (Letourneau, Fedick and Willms, 2007:649). Domestic violence and adolescent outcomes Given the complexity of the picture of the effect of witnessing domestic violence (and of having a caregiver who is a victim or perpetrator of it) which has already emerged, it is to be expected that the impact of this form of maltreatment on the eventual outcomes of children who are affected by it will also be far from easy to determine. High levels of conduct disorder and other adjustment and attitudinal problems in the adolescent children of battered women have been extensively described (Fantuzzo et al, 1991; Holden and Ritchie, 1991, and numerous later studies); these conduct problems have, however, bee n found to be amenable to interventions to improve mothers own support, and management of their children (eg. Jouriles et al, 2001). McFarlane and her colleagues found, worryingly, that in a sample of 330 children (including black, white and hispanic ethnicities), the mean internalizing behavior score for boys 6-11as well as girls and boys 12-18of abused mothers were not signific antly different from the clinical referral norms (2003:202), suggesting that the impact of witnessing serious domestic violence is enough to lead to clinically significant symptoms including suicidality and self-harming behaviours in adolescents. This indicates that, although the mechanisms by which it causes such great damage are as yet unclear, witnessing domestic violence which is either serious or prolonged needs to be treated as a major traumatic incident in a childs life. However, the prevalence of exposure like this is so great that intervening in the vast majority of cases where harm is being caused would be impossible; we are, furthermore, learning ever more about the factors which determine whether or not these experiences take a lasting toll, both biological and social. Domestic violence and the biology of trauma While only a small fraction of the children who suffer maltreatment are, as it were, fortunate enough only to witness domestic violence and not be subject to other forms of maltreatment, even in these cases evidence has been found that both [hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal] axis and sympathetic nervous system functioning were found to differ between children exposed to domestic violence and comparison children (Saltzman, Holden and Holahan, 2005), suggesting that exposure to this form of trauma has lasting biological as well as emotional consequences. While the exact effect of the kinds of changes which Saltzman and his colleagues found on later functioning is unknown, findings like this give cause for serious concern that exposure to domestic violence in early life may have consequences which include functional, particularly social, impairments which are difficult (although not impossible) to overcome. They may, too, have long term health effects: the prolonged effects of biological stress responses observed in PTSD sufferers have been linked to a variety of serious chronic illnesses (Boscarino, 2008), suggesting that children who witness violence may be at risk of ill health long after their exposure itself has ended. Future research seems likely to confirm that the hypersensitivity to verbal conflict displayed by the one-year-old (ie. pre-verbal) infants studied by DeJonghe and her colleagues (2005) has a neural basis; this high level of sensitivity may itself predispose individuals who were exposed to domestic violence as young children to displaying high levels of arousal in conflict situations, contributing to the emergence of aggression and conduct problems in later life. Rationale for undertaking this research It is clear from the preliminary review of the literature which has been presented above that exposure to domestic violence is a serious child welfare issue: it affects a large number of children, is frequently combined with other forms of maltreatment, and has been shown to have long-term negative effects on both psychosocial functioning and, more tentatively, on physical health. As such there is an obvious rationale for assessing the current state of research into this topic: there is now a large volume of work on this issue, although it has only been explored empirically since the 1980s, and new techniques such as the use of biomarkers and neuroimaging continue to add dramatically to our understanding of the risks and mechanisms of harm associated with witnessing domestic violence. Producing a broad systematic review of the aspects of this topic of greatest relevance to social policy and professional social work practice will help to inform responses to this grave threat to the we llbeing of thousands of children in the UK, and contribute to the formulation of effective responses to the challenges which family violence poses today. Outline research strategy As has been mentioned above, the research strategy which will be adopted here is that of a critical review of the literature, based on a structured search of major journal databases. This strategy is the most appropriate one due in part to the challenges of conducting experimental or observational research in families where domestic violence occurs; given the researchers lack of training in managing the care and welfare of vulnerable children and adults, a methodology of this kind would not be appropriate. As such, an approach which does not pose these ethical and practical problems has been adopted. A structured literature search methodology will be used to search the PUBMED, OVID and Web of Science databases; the terms used will be selected in order to identify literature which deals primarily with exposure to violence without the copresence of other forms of maltreatment. Due to the broad scope of this review, a meta-analytic approach would not be appropriate: where appropriate, meta-analyses of studies on this topic will be included, along with discussion of the individual studies included in them. Particular attention will be given to critical analysis of the effectiveness of the studies attempts to exclude the effect of confounding variables, including exposure to other forms of maltreatment and verbal aggression in the home, social factors and other issues.

Anthony Trollope’s He Knew He Was Right :: Morals Happiness Struggles Papers

Anthony Trollope’s He Knew He Was Right Anthony Trollope’s He Knew He Was Right is unique among the prolific writer’s novels in having as its title a complete declarative sentence. Such a title stands as a sort of challenge to the reader: it invites us, as we make our way through the novel’s densely detailed presentation of lived reality, to consider the relation between that reality and the proposition put forward in the title sentence. What does it mean to say that Louis Trevelyan â€Å"knew he was right†? Even if we are unconvinced by J. Hillis Miller’s argument that â€Å"a long multi-plotted novel like He Knew He Was Right, with all its wealth and particularity of character, incident, realistic detail, may be an exploration of a single ‘complex word’† (Miller 77), Trollope’s choice of title inevitably throws us back, as we attempt to make sense of the events narrated under that title, on questions of moral epistemology; that is, it compels reflection on ho w we know what is right and on the extent to which we can be secure in that knowledge. Obliged to read the narrative as, among other things, a meditation on â€Å"knowing† and on â€Å"rightness,† we can perceive that Trollope’s concern here is with the manner in which his characters come to possess certainty in their moral judgments, with the process by which they acquire the disposition towards what is â€Å"right† that we can label â€Å"virtue.† â€Å"Who would ever think of learning to live out of an English novel?† an irritated Caroline Spalding asks her zealously romantic sister, a credulous devotee of the genre. We might turn her question on its head and ask how it is that people learn how to live in an English novel, and what He Knew He Was Right in particular has to say about becoming good. If the novel’s most prominent interest is in the breakdown or perversion of moral certainty, exemplified in the grotesque errors of judgment that deprive Trevelyan of his family and his sanity, it also manifests a subsidiary interest in the ways in which moral agents can replace such false certainty with the sort of just and balanced ethical vision that Trevelyan so conspicuously lacks. As we will see, this concern with moral education is displayed most directly in the novel’s secondary narrative threads, in which both Jemima Stanbury and her niece Dorothy attain an empathetic subtlety of perception and a depth of understanding of others that are absent in their former selves, as depicted at the opening of the novel.

High Employee Turnover Rate Within Domino’s Pizza in

Abstract: This paper will examine the high employee turnover rate in Domino's Pizza. Employee turnover attributes to bad culture and defective human resources management within the company. Yet, this paper proposes strategies that could lead to an increased in employee retention rate, recommends to aid the high turnover, and employee supervision strategies combined with other strategies regarding financial incentives. This paper also provides recommends, such as, proper planning, enforcement of regulations and appropriate training, to create a workplace that suits all its employees. This paper accepts that Motivations are the very reasons behind people’s thoughts and behaviors and that motivation is an influence that accounts for an individual’s direction, intensity, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal. Motivation is the willingness to exert high levels of effort to organizational goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need. This need is the internal state that makes certain outcomes appear attractive. Motivation is an influence that accounts for an individual’s direction, intensity, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal (Robbins p. 175). Domino's Pizza has always looked for new ways to reward their team members. For instance, Domino’s entertains its workers with a franchise-wide pep rally that is held once a year. Domino's began the â€Å"World's Fastest Pizza Maker† competition in 1982, honoring those who best exemplify the company's philosophy of keeping efficiency in the store; to allow sufficient time for safe delivery of the products to the consumer. Regional competitions are held across the world to determine the competitors with the fastest times. Domino's Pizza gives the winner $10,000 cash to whoever obtains the fastest time. Shopping sprees, vacation trips, and even cars are also rewarded at this event. Yet, Domino’s pizza recognizes the best way to achieve success is to first ensure the satisfaction of its team members. Treating team members exceptionally well is just one way they is committed to putting Domino’s people first. Domino’s is proud to provide a fair and comprehensive rewards package (dominos. com). Benefits which includes: Competitive salaries, Medical, dental and vision coverage, Health Spending Account, Prescription Drug Benefit, Team Achievement Dividend (performance bonus), Partners Foundation (team member assistance) ,Above-average paid holiday program, 401(k) Matching Program, Employee stock purchase discount plan, Company-paid life insurance, Tuition reimbursement, National corporate discounts, Legal services, lastly Adoption assistance. On the contrary, with all that Domino's Pizza provides to their â€Å"team member† this year employee turnover was 260%. Even though, in modern society, motivation is still considered a contentious issue within management circles and within companies. It is believed that successful companies have employees who are motivated and believe in the mission. Even though, some theorists like Herzberg believe that money is not a positive motivator, a lack of it can de-motivate. I believe pay systems are designed to motivate employees. Financial rewards are regarded as a key factor in workplace motivation; however, additional factors such as work appreciation, variety, and security remain just as important. These factors can best be described as work outcomes which are a result of employee inputs. Adams’ equity theory identifies both inputs and outcomes as the two primary components in the employee-employer exchange (Kinicki & Kreitner 2007, p. 242). However, it is important to remember that pay is only one element of motivation and will work best where management gives attention to developing good management and supervision, designing jobs, and organizing work groups to make jobs satisfying. Providing feedback to staff about their performance along with training and development makes effective arrangements for communications and consultation within the company. All the same, Domino's Pizza has faced a very high employee turnover rate of 200% this year. The company's turnover rate reached 199. 9% in 2009. In the food industry, this turnover rate is not unusual, as turnover of 200% rate has been registered by other companies in this field. Domino's CEO started to focus on the company's human resources, by implementing certain strategies, like: improving store managers' workplace quality, improving personnel selection, recruitment, and retention methods, or using financial incentives. However, the key factor in retaining employees is to ensure that there is substantial scope for job enrichment. Since individuals differ in their motivation drive, there is not right or wrong method that will enforce a productive workforce. An individual will consider that he or she is treated fairly if he or she perceives the ratio of his or her inputs to his or her outcomes to be equivalent to those around him or her. The equity theory of motivation is based on the fact that people are motivated first to achieve and then to maintain a sense of equity (wikipedia. org). Equity refers to the allocation of rewards in direct parity to the contribution of each employee to the organization. Within Domino’s, each employee perceives their contribution in differing levels. For example, pizza-makers and telephone operators provide similar inputs as delivery drivers; however, the delivery drivers receive less financial reward creating inequity. Mcshane and Travaglione (2007, p. 154) suggest that employees will experience an emotional tension when they perceive inequities, and, when sufficiently strong, the tension motivates them to reduce the inequities. There are numerous methods that an employee can employ to correct inequity feelings. These include reducing inputs, increasing outcomes, changing perceptions, or changing the comparison other. Ultimately, if these methods do not obtain the desired outcomes, an employee will become de-motivated and may quit their occupation (Mcshane and Travaglione p. 154). An organization’s employee turnover does not solely depend on the input-to-output ratio alone – it also depends on the comparison between the input-to output ratios of employees fulfilling a similar position, Chapman (2007). An explanation of employee inputs and outputs will be used to identify the perceived equity or inequity of an employee within Domino’s. This will provide a better understanding of how Adams’ theory affects employee turnover.

First Grade Classroom Essays

First Grade Classroom Essays First Grade Classroom Essay First Grade Classroom Essay Decreasing Undesirable Behaviors in the First Grade Classroom The Rubber-Band Intervention Research Proposal Introduction Framing the Study Children misbehave for many reasons. Some reasons for misbehavior can be to get attention, disappointment, new situations, testing limits, or imitation (Richardson, R. , n. d. ). Continuously reprimanding the student could interfere with class instruction time while ignoring could cause others to mock the behavior- believing that it was acceptable. Educators have tried many intervention-strategies to see which one would work best. Some might have tried behavior contracts, but if the student is too young or simply not able to read or write, the teacher will have to make time to assist the student with the contract. Others had tried taking away minutes of the student’s recess/choice time. However, this means that the teacher’s time will again be affected. What is needed is a method that will decrease and eventually terminate the undesirable behaviors while simultaneously preserving teacher’s time. This study is to see if the rubber-band intervention method will do just that. The ultimate goal is to help students develop self-control. According to the National Association of School Psychologists, self-control is an important skill for children to learn. It refers to having power or control over one’s actions and knowing the right from wrong. Children who do not make choices for their own behaviors, but instead rely on teachers, parents, or adults to make the choices for them, do not learn self-control (2002). In relation to my study, the children will be encouraged to make their own choices in regards to controlling their behavior. : The researcher is only responsible for providing visual documentation of the child’s unacceptable behavior to help the child make better behavior choices. Review of the Literature Deborah Richardson, a Child Development Assistant Specialist, wrote an article on why children misbehave (n. d. ). In her work, she discusses thirteen different possible reasons of why children misbehave and a description of how that behavior may play out in the classroom or an example scenario. She emphasizes that once a person understands why a child misbehaves, it is easier to choose effective guidance techniques to handle the situation. Included is information on guidance techniques for each reason of misbehavior and resources that adults can use to improve or prevent misbehaviors. This article will aid in better understanding the participants in my study in regards to their responses about their own behavior. Also interested in how teachers can help curve misbehavior in the classroom were these five researchers Nancy J. Ratcliff, Cathy R. Jones, Richard H. Costner, Emma Savage-Davis, and Gilbert H. Hunt. In their article The elephant in the classroom: the impact of misbehavior on classroom climate (n. . ), they conducted a one-year study with 34 second and fourth grade teachers and their 588 students. These teachers and their classrooms were observed for data on the instructional and non-instructional interactions. The non-instructional interactions were most spent on correcting behaviors, causing these classes to be labeled as a climate that needs improvement. Using a similar method as the one for planned for this current study, the data for their research was collected using six 40 minute observational segments. Patricia Anguiano (2001) conducted an action research during her first year of teaching formulating a plan to reduce misbehavior in her third grade classroom. She saw a need for study after realizing how much of her instructional time was lost dealing with disruptions. For her research, she identified four primary misbehaviors in six target students and used the instruments of a teacher’s journal, student surveys and a frequency count chart. From her study she has realized that there are several techniques that the teacher can use to minimize the undesired behaviors. However, she did not focus on what the students can do to improve themselves. The teacher can do all she can to ensure she does not cause or escalate misbehavior, however, the misbehavior can still exist at a great number because of the children’s ability to control their own actions. Though her research is very helpful for conducting my own, one thing that I would do differently is to also show my target students how to control their behavior. Self-discipline is a concept related to this current study. Purkey (1985), as well as Pepper and Henry (1985), wrote about ways to teach self-discipline. Purkey describes ways in which a teacher can â€Å"invite† students to self-discipline using four essential elements of invitational discipline. The elements are optimism, intentionality, trust and respect. According to Purkey (1985), these elements provide substance, structure, and direction to students and when combined and applied to practical concerns, they provide educators with a useful stance in creating and maintaining discipline. Pepper and Henry, on the other hand, believe that a teacher can teach self-discipline using developmental practices such as student training and student involvement along with democratic principles (equality, mutual respect, shared responsibility, and shared decision making). They stress that these democratic principles are only effective if it includes encouragement, group discussions, consequences, understanding the child and steps to solve conflict. In light of both of these articles, I would keep these strategies in mind when working in my classroom where this action research will occur. Purpose The purpose of this study is to determine if the rubber-band intervention method can decrease unwanted behaviors in a classroom of early childhood students. The rubber-band intervention method is a behavior intervention method suggested by Intervention Central for dealing with challenging students. In this intervention, the teacher keeps track of student behaviors using rubber-bands placed around the wrist. The second purpose of the study is to also see if the rubber-band intervention method will eventually teach students self- control. Initial Research Questions . Will the Rubber-Band Intervention method decrease the undesirable behaviors of students? a. Will the two students be able to control their inappropriate body behavior, follow given instructions and focus during instruction time? 2. Will the students learn self- control through this intervention method? Hypothesis The Rubber-band Intervention method will be one that will help students control their inappropriate bod y behavior, follow given instructions, focus during instructional time and eventually teach them how to exercise self-control. Definition of Terms Two terms that need to be operationally defined are undesirable/ inappropriate behavior and self-control. Undesirable/ inappropriate behaviors are any actions that are not acceptable during academic or transition time in school. These behaviors can be on various levels of severity such as calling out without raising hand, talking in line, or hitting/bullying another student. When determining self-control, it should be understood as the ability to control one’s behavior/actions without a prompt or reminder from another person, being an adult or another student. Procedures Overall Approach and Rationale for the Study Single- subject design will be the overall approach for this mixed-methods study. This approach is appropriate for the purpose of the study is to target a few students with behavior challenges and observe them to see if the intervention method will induce a change of behavior. Site and Sample Selection Bernstein Elementary School in Washington, DC was the site chosen for this study. This site was chosen because as a student teacher at the school, access is granted to the author to enter the school. There is also a developing relationship with the principal and teachers. Though the school will serve as the site for this study, only a group of three first-grade students will be included in the research, making a sample size of one. This sample size was chosen due to the nature of the study and the behavior of the participants. The time that is given for study to be done also plays a role in the sample size selection. Having only six weeks to conduct the research, the smaller the sample, the more manageable the data collection would be. Data Collection Methods and Instruments To collect the quantitative data for this study, I plan to observe the group for six consecutive weeks. The first week of observations will be to collect baseline information only. This will help me to determine the normal trend of the child’s behavior so that I can see what progression the student made towards altering his/her behavior. For the next five weeks, I will implement the intervention, recording observations for the analysis. Data will be recorded on behavior anecdotal checklists. These forms has a list of behaviors that are not acceptable in class and days of the month going across the page where a recorder can mark the frequencies of particular behaviors. The two students will be assigned a rubber-band color (red or blue), a set of Rubber-Band Challenge Intervention charts and a set of Anecdotal Behavior Checklists (see Appendixes). The Rubber-Band Challenge Intervention Chart is a small table in which the time of each four 30-minute observation periods will be recorded along with the number of rubber bands they were able to preserve for that corresponding time interval. At the end of the table, the total number of rubber bands preserved for the whole day will be tallied. On the Anecdotal Behavior Checklists, there is a vertical list of about 25 behaviors. Next to those behaviors is a horizontal recording space for each day of the month. On this chart, the behavior exhibited will be found on the list and recorded for that corresponding day of the month by shading or placing an â€Å"X† in the space. At the end of the checklist exists a space for additional comments. The students will be observed three out of five days of the week. This gives me to time and space to plan for contingencies of absences, school events, holidays and school closings. Each observational day, the students in the group will be observed for four 30 minute intervals. Within these interval times, I would be wearing four of each of the colored rubber-bands assigned to the students in the sample on my left wrist for the first week of data collection. Previously discussing with the students which of their behaviors we are aiming to change, each time I would have to verbally remind or prompt the student about his or her behavior, I would transfer one of their colored rubber-bands to my right wrist. The undesirable behaviors of the student would be recorded on his/her Anecdotal Behavior Checklist for the day. At the end of each 30-minute interval of observation, the students in the sample will be told how many rubber-bands I had remaining on my left wrist of their particular color. They will then record this number on their Rubber- Band Challenge Intervention chart which will be taped to their desks. Before dismissal, we will add up the number of â€Å"points† they earned for the day. At the end of the week, their points can be redeemed for some type of reward. At the start of each new week, I will decrease their number of colored rubber-bands by one and continue the same method as started. The decreasing of rubber-bands will continue until Week 5, when I will now be wearing one of each colored rubber-bands, meaning each of the students now only have one verbal reminder for that 30-minute interval. Week 6 will be the last week of the study and also the week when the intervention will end. Students’ behaviors will still be recorded if needed even though the intervention has stopped. During this sixth week, the students will not receive any verbal reminders about their behavior and are expected to exercise self-control. In addition to the observation intervention sessions as I discussed in the above section, I also plan to interview the students’ classroom teacher to understand some background information about the students’ and get her opinion about each child’s progression towards controlling his or her classroom misbehavior. It would be great to also speak to the parents but I have been warned that that may not be a comfortable idea. I will record what had occurred during each moment of misbehavior through anecdotal form in a small journal. I will also meet with the students themselves at the end of every observation day to read to them the recorded anecdotes and hear what their reasons are behind that behavior. Additionally, I would like to hear what they have to say about their progression status. Through speaking with the children themselves, I can get direct answers rather than assumptions based on theory given by the adults. Data Analysis Strategies The quantitative data collected from the study over the six week period would be recorded on the chart and checklist attached. With this organized and manageable data collection strategy, the data analysis would be uncomplicated. The data will be interpreted for each student by viewing their charts and looking for any sign of progression towards correct/acceptable behavior. I will calculate the frequencies of recorded behavior and compare them across the weeks. I will also compare the data since the intervention to the first set of baseline data collected to look for a mark of improvement. Additionally, the frequencies will be compared to a criterion of what and how many behaviors are acceptable for that grade and age. For qualitative analysis, I will review recorded anecdotes, observer’s notes, transcripts from student interviews and personal memos to understand the context of the data in the charts and see if it can justify some of the behaviors exhibited. Trustworthiness Features This study is designed to alter undesirable classroom behaviors and it can be ensured that it is the only aspect that will be measured. For example, issues with students not turning in homework or classwork will not be recorded. Also, since the researcher will serve as the main instrument for data collection, any behaviors that occur outside of my observation interval will not be recorded, for example, if a student misbehaved during the Art special period while I am in the classroom preparing for a lesson. This study is also simple to replicate over time by different observers. Ethical Considerations Before the research study begins, the school principal, the students’ classroom teacher and their parents will be informed about the intervention method. They will also be the only ones who will have the right to know how the students are progressing during and after the intervention. Because of the age of the participants, a reminder of the study and what is being measured will be given as often as needed so that they are well informed of what is being done. Limitations of the Study This study can be terminated if at least one of the following happens: If the students’ behavior in the predetermined sample no longer needs intervention by the date I plan to begin research. If the students transfer out of the school or into a classroom in which I am not working in. If I get assigned to a new classroom by the time I begin the study. If the students’ attendance in school becomes too scarce to measure progression. Appendixes References Anguiano, P. (2001). A first- year teacher’s plan to reduce misbehavior in the classroom. TEACHING Exceptional Children, 33(3), 52-55. Dobbs, J. , Arnold, D. Doctoroff, G. (2004). Atten tion in the preschool classroom: the relationship among child gender, child misbehavior, and the types of teacher attention. Early Childhood Development and Care, 174(3), 281-295. National Association of School Psychologists. (2002). Behavior problems: teaching young hildren self- control skills. Pepper, F. Henry, S. (1985). Using developmental and democratic practices to teach self- disciple. Theory into Practice, 24(4), 264-270. Purkey, W. (1985). Inviting student self-discipline. Theory into Practice, 24(4), 256-259. Ratcliff, N. , Jones, C. , Costner, R. , Davis, E. S. Hunt, G. (n. d. ). The elephant in the classroom: the impact of misbehavior on classroom climate. Education, 131(2). Richardson, D. (n. d. ). Guiding young children series: why children misbehave. Oklahoma State University, Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources

Child Poverty in Canada Essays - Economy, Distribution Of Wealth

Child Poverty in Canada Essays - Economy, Distribution Of Wealth Child Poverty in Canada Poverty and Health in Canada: Current Evidence and Policy Responses (HLST 3510) Professor Dennis Raphael The "campaign 2000 2016 Report Card on Child and Family Poverty in Canada" measures poverty through more of a concentrated method. The measurement includes: The Low-Income Measure After or Before Tax Calculated from tax filer data (LIM), The Market Basket Measure (MBM) and Low Income Cut Offs (LICO). Along with the OECD Report on Child Poverty the measurement includes the Child Income Poverty Rate and the Poverty Rates in Households with Children and a Working Age Head by Type of Household and Employment Status. In terms of the benefits of using these measures, according to the Campaign 2000 Report the most accurate is the Low-Income Measure After Tax (Campaign 2000 Report Card on Child Family Poverty in Canada, 2016). Reason being, there is a fixed %50 of the median family income and can be adjusted with the number of household members increasing along with household needs demand increasing. LIM is most benefited in international comparisons for poverty. Compared to the other me asurements such as the Low-Income Cut Off which is an outdated version of measuring as it lacks many important factors that an average modern Canadian family requires for such as modern technology and increased levels of expenditures on food. The Market Basket Measure is the measure of absolute poverty via data released by Statistics Canada. It includes basic essential such as shelter, food and transportation of a family of four individuals including two children. According OECD Report Canada amongst other countries Canada is at 13% for children income in poverty. It is the top tenth highest country of children living poverty similarly the 28th country in line for children living in poverty. After the OECD average Poland is leading along with Slovak Republic, Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, Japan following Canada. Canada is in 7th place for child poverty after the OECD average percentage. For a developed Nations, Canada should be amongst the eleven nations below the 10% mark Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Korea, Switzerland, Sweden, Ireland, Germany, Slovenia, and United Kingdom. In a country like Canada child poverty is not measured by severe starvations and wearing ragged clothing rather suffering from food insecurity, putting food on the table using food banks and having long waiting lists for subsidizing housing and being able to fight for a spot for free children's educational/recreational programs. As a nation, we have all the right reso urces available to decrease our child poverty rate, it is unreasonable we rank in 28th place when the countries below the OECD average are not as rich as Canada is. If Canadians were to find out our place amongst other nations, they would be confused as to how that could even happen to our country. Some specific concerns for different poverty rates among groups of individuals such as people with disabilities working within certain limits, recent immigrants, aboriginal people, people of color. Family lone parents suffer three times in poverty more than a family of two parents. People with disabilities make a living more off their benefits and due to the low benefits, they result to be living close or on border line poverty. According to an article released by CBC, roughly 13.7% of Canadians from ages 15-64 are living with disabilities ( 12 Facts a nd Figures About Having A Disability In Canada 2013 ). Out of those individual according to a Canadian Human Rights Commission Report released in 2009 , men with disabilities that hold a permanent employment position from ages 25 to 54 are 622,175 individuals however men without disabilities that hold permanent employment were 3,166,836 individuals. The numbers are similar with women fro m ages 25 to 54 with 639.622 (with disabilities) and 3,044,787 (without disabilities) ( Canadian Human Rights Commission, pg. 41, 2010 ) . The reports indicate that people with disabilities are often not employed and if they do get employed they are paid less compared individuals with no disabilities. People with disabilities find it very hard to move up the social determinant ladder because they are less capable to do so financially. Many Canadians that have disabilities are not in the labor force resulting them to lead

Identification and analysis of DNA repair mechanisms Thesis

Identification and analysis of DNA repair mechanisms - Thesis Example In both of these cases, DNA repair systems involve the use of the Mre11/Rad50/NBS1 complex. This project aims to identify and examine what DNA repair systems are present in the cells of Schizosaccharomyces pombe and how these contribute to resistance to treatment with nucleoside analogues. This information should help to provide further insight into the way in which human cells are able to develop resistance to this form of treatment, and perhaps provide some indication of a method to prevent this. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 4 DNA repair and cancer 6 DNA replication 7 DNA repair 9 MRN Complex 11 Topoisomerase inhibitors 13 Nucleoside analogues 15 Involvement of DNA repair 17 Project System 20 Aims and Objectives 21 References 22 Introduction In everyday life, cells are exposed to external and internal agents that cause thousands of DNA mutations per day. These mutations range from being small, such as affecting a single nucleotide, to large mutations where accurate rep air can be difficult. For the accurate propagation of the genetic information within cells, it is essential that the body has mechanisms of repairing damage in a reliable manner. However, while many methods for DNA repair exist, these are not always successful and mutations can accumulate, resulting in the development of cancer (Helleday et al., 2007). Understanding these processes, why they occur the way that they do and what can be done to influence these is crucial for knowing the way that cancer occurs, and determining methods of treating it effectively. In our modern society, cancer has remained one of the most well studied diseases and perhaps one of the least understood. The fundamental aspects of cancer are damage in the DNA of a cell that results in a lack of control over cell growth and replication, as well reducing the likelihood that cells will enter apoptosis. These cells are able to proliferate well beyond the normal constraints of the tissue that they are in (Loeb and Loeb, 2000). With high levels of replication and low cell death, abnormal cells build up within the body and interfere with body functions. The exact mechanisms that causes these mutations to occur, and allows the cells to break free of the cell control pathway are the focus of much current research into cancer, as understanding these pathways may help to develop treatment or prevent cells from entering this state. Cancer is a disease where mutations in DNA accumulate to the point that traditional controls over cell behaviour can be bypassed, often involving the accumulation of mutations in genes responsible for the birth or death of the cell, as well as controls over the cell cycle (Lengauer et al., 1998). Research indicates that the tumours developed as the result of cancer are heterogeneous (Loeb et al., 2003). Because of this, cancer needs to be thought of as a collection of disease rather than a single disease (Huang et al., 2006). This is an important factor when studying can cer, as it explains why some mechanisms are prevalent in some forms of cancer, but not others. Genetic instability is thought to be one of the driving factors of the development of tumours and this in turn is driven by DNA damage and errors in the replication machinery. However, spontaneous mutation is only one aspect of the puzzle, and the prevalence of cancer development and succession of mutations

Who are you Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Who are you - Essay Example le, I have a passion for the study of history, something that is very rare today considering that most of my friends consider history to be a boring subject. I am kind of a loner because except for my family, I have very few friends and in fact, I find it very difficult to make new friends. I like to study politics, again a subject that most of the people I know find to be boring or a waste of time but I think that it is a very relevant thing to study so that we can know what exactly is happening in our society, because these two cannot be separated. Some parts of me that have changed over time while there are others, which have remained the same since childhood. I was raised in a very conservative family whose values were instilled in me from an early age. However, as I have grown older, I have come to realize that some of the values which I was brought up to believe in are very discriminatory towards people of other cultures and that is why I strive to study other people and their cultures in order to better understand them. In other aspects, I have remained the same considering that I am still proud of my country, as well as the community within which I grew and most of all, I am still very close to my family and friends. I value my body a lot and in fact, many religions state that the body is a very holy thing (Angel, 141 – 156). I believe that it is our duty to take very good care of it because it is the vessel in, which our souls are carried. I exercise regularly and have a well balanced diet to ensure that my body remains healthy because if I were to do otherwise, then it is certain that my body would deteriorate quickly. I would like to live a long life and the best way to achieve this would be to maintain my body at the best standard I possibly can. There are many ways through, which I have come to know other people and many of these vary. The first people I have come to know are my family; this is because they are the people I first interacted with

The Role of Multimodal Communication in Cooperation Essay

The Role of Multimodal Communication in Cooperation - Essay Example The knowledge about the topics, beliefs, targets, nature etc must coincide for good results. These common grounds must be checked before the interaction. After that the interaction can expand the basis of linguistic and physical co presence. In expanding the scope of the communication, the media is capable of restraining the ease of attaining the common ground. The commonality in the methods is also affected in following the medium of communication. It is better to develop theoretical understanding of the attitudes of shared visual spaces. This improves grounding and also the performance regarding the topics of common belief. 1 After this the parameters that make difference in visual communication systems that are used for complex and collaborative researches were considered. By applying these features to real world settings, the pragmatic way of deploying these methods to attain more benefits for reasonable costs can be assessed. If this is successful, then creating of a technology that enables the accurate estimation of the focus attention in the settings can be determined. This is believed to be an important role the visual channel can play. There are some techniques available for analysis of effectiveness of multimodal interaction. The potential of psycholinguistic models were recognised to have this potential. Though they are recognised to have potential of analysing, there are some limitations. The techniques based on conversation analytic model of breakdown and repair can be termed as the rational approach for introducing a protocol for coding repair. The terms in this approach are computer mediated communication, evaluation and conversation analysis.     

Popular Culture Essay Essay Example for Free

Popular Culture Essay Essay Although there are some parts of popular culture that make it into high culture, popular culture is transient; it describes the way of life, attitudes, and passions of mostly younger people. These views usually change as they age and gain real life experience. This essay will cover culture, popular culture, three major trends in popular American culture and how popular American culture affects personal decision making. Culture is the united design of social understanding, faith, and conduct that hinges on the ability to search for knowledge and spread it to future generations. It is also the ordinary principles, collective customs, and measurable qualities of ethnic, religious, or a community. (Oxford English Dictionary, 2012) â€Å"The soul takes nothing with her to the next world but her education and her culture.† (Plato, 2012) Popular cultural is the understanding and actions of a particular set of people in a particular era. It is also television shows (like Reality TV) or marketable goods (like sagging pants, oversized shirts, hats designed to be worn backward, etc.) made for, or targeted at particular set of people. (Oxford English Dictionary, 2012) In this student’s opinion popular culture comes and goes and only defines an era not its people. Three major trends in today’s society are a digital society, sexual explicitness, and a general lack of personal responsibility. Americans live in a digital society that relies on technology more than personal relationships. We do a great deal of shopping and purchasing online and have become a society where the sexier it is the better. Almost everything on television, in magazines, and even our music have become permeated with sexual overtones and innuendos. Finally, we have a dilemma with the lack of personal responsibility in our country; recently there have been several lawsuits against fast food restaurants for making people fat. Americans need to accept responsibility for our own actions; it was not the fast food restaurants that made us fat, rather it was our decision to eat there that did. Popular American culture affects personal decision making various ways, whether it is the type of food we buy, the music we listen to, electronics we purchase, and even the people we date. In this student’s opinion the Internet is the single most influential popular culture influencer of our time. We use it for everything from dating, shopping, exploring, studying, traveling, relaxing, and so much more. Popular culture  affects us in almost every decision we make. Although there are some parts of popular culture that makes it into high culture, popular culture is transient. This essay covered culture, popular culture, three major trends in popular American culture and how popular American culture affects personal decision making. â€Å"Culture is made of everything that enables man to maintain, enhance or transform without weakening it, the ideal image of himself that it has inherited.† (Malraux, 2001) References Malraux, A. (2001, May 2). UCL Discours recteur Marcel Crochet. Retrieved from http://sites.uclouvain.be/actualites/dhc2001/drecteur.html Oxford English Dictionary. (2012, June). Retrieved from http://www.oed.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/view/Entry/45746?rskey=BftxmAresult=1isAdvanced=false#eid Plato. (2012, June 4). Here, There, and Everywhere. Retrieved from http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/here-there-and-everywhere/201206/whats-after-30-quotes-the-afterlife

Sales Employees Training Essay -- Train Job Work Sales Essays

Sales Employees Training ABC Broom Company in Bombay, India needs a training program created for its new salesmen. These salesmen are in their early 20’s and are high school graduates. These salesmen are not meeting their sales goals but would like to because of the financial bonus. These salesmen have no prior sales experience before entering the training program. Based on the feasibility analysis for the training, a plan consisting of lecture, group discussions, role playing, and a mentoring program will be implemented. It is best to use a combination of methods to deliver the training. Each method may help to enhance the other (Hannum & Hansen, 1989). The choice of instructional methods is dependent upon the type of learning objectives, the characteristics of learners, the instructional conditions, and the evidence of instructional effectiveness. A learning objective makes clear the intended learning outcome or product of instruction, rather than what form the instruction will take. Objectives focus on student performance. The types of learning outcomes that are expected are attitudinal learning, and intellectual learning (problem solving and application). The employees are from Bombay, India. India has a caste system which each employee is aware. The caste system has supposedly been demolished, but research has shown that it is still present within the culture. Trainees do not need to be briefed on the caste system. The employees were raised in India and are well aware of the differences between castes. Each trainee will bring to the training sessions their own prejudices, experiences, and learning styles. While each learning style cannot be taken into consideration, the trainers will attempt to teach to the mean (Sheppard, 1998). The Indian culture is unique in that an Indian person will attempt to learn everything about someone on the first visit (Matthew, 1996). This may be a potential problem for the salesmen. It is viewed as a process of establishing a relationship with the person to whom they are speaking. The salesmen may not be able to establish a relationship with the client in enough time as specified by the company to make a sale. This fact will be considered and discussed at the group seminars. The training program will begin with a lecture to present the information that the employees need to learn. This information will... ...of Instruction. Boston, Massachusetts: Pearson. Erffmeyer, Robert c. & Johnson, Dale A. (1997). The future of sales training: making choices among six different education methods. The Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing. Vol. 12, Iss. 3/4, pp. 185. Harbour, Jerry L. (1998). Does the Trainee Know Best? Training and Development, June, Vol. 46, Iss. 6, pp. 66. Hannum, Wallace., & Hansen, Carol. (1989). Instructional Systems Development in Large Organizations. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. Educational Technology Publications, Inc. Honey, Peter. (2003). How do you decide what methods to use when designing a training program? Training Journal, Jan, pp. 7. Mathew, Matt. (1996). A Tale of Two Cultures. StylusInc. www.stylusinc.com/business/india/cultural_tip1.htm. Ray, Julie A.(2004). Effective Teaching Strategies in Higher Education. Phi Kappa Phi Forum. Vol. 84, Iss. 4, pp. 58. Shepard, Clive. (1998). A process for selecting training methods. FastTrak consulting, www.fastack-consulting.co.uk. Sindell, Milo T. (2002). How to Make Smart Decisions About Training. Training and Development, Vol. 56, Iss. 4, pp. 86.

Terrorism: An External Shock of a Globalized Society Essay -- Globaliz

Terrorism: An External Shock of a Globalized Society For many, living in a globalized world has generated many benefits and welfare gains to their society, yet now it may be in jeopardy. Globalization is that phenomena where the world appears to be coming closer in terms of communication, services, trade, and culture. Examples of this includes the lowering of transaction costs in all these fields including the lowering of barriers to trade, reduced communication costs, (to an extent) the freer movement of people, and easier access to other countries' information. In economics, there has been a freer movement of goods, services, finance, and production between nation-states. In Europe, though on a regional scale, foreign and domestic policies are being harmonized among the member states. Thus it appears that the world has indeed been coming closer. However the events dealing with the World Trade Center have made many question whether globalization has stopped or is now in decline. Many have tried to even comprehend and question the caus es and motives of terrorism and its multiplier impacts that these terrorist acts have created. In light of this, is globalization viewed more at a discount? Many have been pessimistic, however, the events of September 11 and following may perhaps be a test to the world facing a common enemy and even make them become aware in looking at themselves as a citizen of the world, thus facilitating the increase of globalization. To begin, look at globalization mainly in light of its benefits and costs. Focusing at this idea more narrowed in terms of economics, the benefits include realizing the effects by practicing the theories of comparative advantage, and allowing greater efficiencies that produc... ...he New York terrorist attacks. It will be a long-term commitment as terrorism is complex in itself, yet humanity has progressed so far not to revert and steer into the opposite direction. Globalization pre-September 11 was never actually global, yet the world after this event may hope to aim in that direction. Works Cited Burns, Danny., and Robin Hambelton, Paul Hoggett. The Politics of Decentralization: Revitalizing Local Democracy. London: Macmillan, 1994. "Is it at risk? -Globalization." The Economist 2 Feb. 2002:65-66. "Pearl Warns That Globalization Facilitates Criminal Activities." US Department of State, International Information Programs: Washington File 13 Dec. 2000. < http://usinfo.state.gov/topical/pol/terror/00121300.htm > (27 Feb. 2002) "The Economy: 10 indicators." CNN Money. <http://money.cnn.com/news/economy/> (26 Mar. 2002)